Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy And Light Activated Disinfection Efficacy In Decontaminating Titanium Implant Surfaces In Vitro Study

Background: As dental implants are becoming a common dental treatment option, there is also an increase in the frequency of peri-implantitis. Themain cause of peri-implantitis are considered to be the microorganisms living on the implant surface. The goal of treatingperi-implantitis is to stop the inflammatory process and the bone loss that occurred as a result of the disease.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and light-activated disinfectionon contaminated titanium dental implants. In addition Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis was done to evaluate possible surface alterations on the implant surfaces.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 72 titanium dental implants contaminated with a bacterial suspension prepared from three different bacterial species and were incubated in anaerobic conditions for 72 hours. The implants were randomly divided into fourexperimental groups and two control groups (n=12 each), according to the following treatment protocols: Group 1 (PDT1): PDT with toluidine blue; Group 2 (PDT2): PDT with phenothiazine chloride dye; Group 3 (LAD): light emitting diode (LED) with toluidine blue; Group 4 (TB): treatment with only toluidine blue. In the positive control (PC) group, the implants were treated with a 0.2% chlorhexidine-based solution, and in the negative control (NC) group, no treatment was used. After microbiologic analysis, one random implant was chosen from each of the treatment groups, and one sterile nontreated implant was chosen for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The highest bacterial reduction was recorded in the PDT1 (98.3%) and PDT2 (97.8%) groups both having statistically significant reduction compared to NC group (