History Of The Lolo Trail And The Nez Perce Indians

During September 1-4, 1805, the Corps of Discovery under the command of Lewis and Clark bushwacked their way northward over the dividing ridge between the waters of what they called Lewis' River on the south and Clark's River on the north. They began on the Salmon River in Idaho and their destination was the Bitterroot River in Montana. They were not following an established Indian trail because they chose to go due north over the most direct route possible. The established Indian trail, at that time, looped eastward through the Big Hole before going northward up Trail Creek, over Gibbons Pass, and then into the Bitterroot Valley. The route of the Corps of Discovery over Lost Trail Pass is, to repeat an often used phrase, "a puzzle wrapped in a mystery, shrouded by an enigma." It remains a major challenge to the Lewis and Clark trail community to determine their route for September 1-4, 1805 and their September 2nd and 3rd camping sites. This paper reports on a technique the author has developed, using topography and computer analysis techniques, that can be applied to the Lost Trail route. For the past 12 years, I have been doing research on the Lolo Trail from Lolo, Montana to Weippe, Idaho. This work is nearing completion and will result in the accurate location and documentation of the trails within the Lolo Trail System: the Northern Nez Perces Trail, the Bird-Truax Trail, and the Lewis and Clark route. The research techniques developed for the Lolo Trail were applied to the Lost Trail route using modern map data and the expedition*s journal narratives and maps. While the Lolo Trail research results were validated by cross-checking with many other historical sources, as well as ground truthing, no known equivalent resources exist for the Lost Trail route. The party "bushwhacked" their way over the pass and did not follow an established "roade." Without the remnants of a well-travelled Indian trail, we are left with only their journal records and the topography to be our guide.