Steelmaking

This book describes the operations and industrial processes related to the production of steel. The chapters cover the second part of the iron and steelmaking process, called steelmaking, presenting the stages of the process until obtaining the finished steel product in different formats for distinct applications. This book reports significant operating variables of the processes and basic operations of the steelmaking. The chapters contain numerous solved exercises conceptually supported on the thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals of the production of steel from the pig iron in the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) and the production of steel and ferroalloys in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF). The thermal and mechanic fundamentals of the hot rolling operations and the mechanical fundamentals of the cold rolling, forming, and wire drawing to obtain different steel products are also reported. The book summarizes the strengths and uncertainties of steel as a structural material.