The French Nonprofit Sector

This article deals with the literature on the French nonprofit sector (NPS). A preliminary part is devoted to presenting and discussing the characteristics that shape the approaches to this sector in France. In the second part, the article outlines some landmarks in the history of the French NPS. This literature review also focuses on empirical studies of the sector, placing a particular emphasis on the more recent ones. This review ends with the analysis of the challenges that NPS faces in a context characterized by the increasing constraints on public funding, changes in the nature of such funding with a substitution of contracts for subsidies, an increased competition among NPOs as well as between NPOs and for-profit enterprises.